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今天給大俠帶來(lái)基于FPGA的數(shù)字視頻信號(hào)處理器設(shè)計(jì),由于篇幅較長(zhǎng),分三篇。今天帶來(lái)第三篇,下篇,程序測(cè)試與運(yùn)行。話不多說(shuō),上貨。
圖像是用各種觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)以不同形式和手段觀測(cè)客觀世界而獲得的,可以直接或間接作用于人眼進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生視知覺(jué)的實(shí)體。
隨著電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,數(shù)字圖像技術(shù)近年來(lái)得到極大的重視和長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,并在科學(xué)研究、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、通信等方面得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。
視頻信號(hào)由一系列連續(xù)的圖像組成。對(duì)視頻信號(hào)的處理已經(jīng)成為數(shù)字圖像處理領(lǐng)域中重要的一部分。例如機(jī)器人模式識(shí)別的過(guò)程就是一個(gè)視頻信號(hào)處理的過(guò)程,電視制導(dǎo)導(dǎo)彈識(shí)別目標(biāo)就是充分利用視頻信號(hào)處理技術(shù)不斷判斷目標(biāo)是否和預(yù)先設(shè)定目標(biāo)圖像一致。本篇將講解如何用 FPGA 技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)基本的視頻信號(hào)處理。本篇的例子可以作為各位大俠進(jìn)行視頻信號(hào)處理時(shí)的一個(gè)參考,也可以在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。
第三篇內(nèi)容摘要:本篇會(huì)介紹程序測(cè)試與運(yùn)行,包括測(cè)試程序、測(cè)試結(jié)果以及總結(jié)等相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
五、程序測(cè)試與運(yùn)行
由于整個(gè) FPGA 程序包括 3 部分:處于 TOP 的主體程序,控制其他各個(gè)部分程序的運(yùn)行;視頻圖像數(shù)據(jù)采集程序,從 SAA7113 獲得數(shù)字圖像數(shù)據(jù)并保存到 SRAM 中;SRAM 讀寫程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì) SRAM 的數(shù)據(jù)讀寫。測(cè)試程序需要仿真數(shù)據(jù)的全部流程。
5.1 測(cè)試程序
測(cè)試程序代碼如下:
`include "timescale.v"
moduletst_saa7113(error,dsprst,xreset,saareset,ARDY,ED_O,ED_OEN_O,SRAM_1_EA,SRAM_2_EA,SRAM_1_O_ED,SRAM_2_O_ED);
//內(nèi)部寄存器
reg reset;
reg clk;//50MHz 時(shí)鐘
reg llck;//SAA7113 的時(shí)鐘
reg [7:0] vpo;//來(lái)自 saa7113 的圖像數(shù)據(jù)
reg capture;//采集數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)志
reg toggle;//總線切換標(biāo)志
reg [1:0] rst;
//輸入
input error;
input dsprst,xreset,saareset;
input ARDY;
input [7:0] ED_O;
input ED_OEN_O;
input [18:0] SRAM_1_EA;
input [7:0] SRAM_1_O_ED;
input [18:0] SRAM_2_EA;
input [7:0] SRAM_2_O_ED;
//來(lái)自 dsp 的信號(hào)
reg CE3_;
reg ARE_;
reg AWE_;
reg [21:2] EA;
reg [7:0] ED_I;
//TO SRAM
reg [7:0] SRAM_1_IN_ED;
reg [7:0] SRAM_2_IN_ED;
//wires
//from saa7113
wire SRAM_CE_;
wire SRAM_OE_;
wire SRAM_WE_;
wire [18:0] la;
wire [7:0] ld;
//FROM DSP
wire CE_SRAM;
wire WE_SRAM;
wire OE_SRAM;
wire [7:0] ED_SRAM;
wire [18:0] EA_SRAM;
//連接各個(gè)子程序
LWBSAA7113 L_SAA7113 (
.reset(reset),
.clk(clk),
.llck(llck),
.vpo(vpo),
.rst(rst),
.capture(capture),
.error(error),
.SRAM_CE_(SRAM_CE_),
.SRAM_OE_(SRAM_OE_),
.SRAM_WE_(SRAM_WE_),
.la(la),
.ld(ld)
);
LWBDECODE L_DECODE (
.reset(reset),
.CE3_(CE3_),
.ARE_(ARE_),
.AWE_(AWE_),
.EA(EA),
.ED_I(ED_I),
.ED_O(ED_O),
.ED_OEN_O(ED_OEN_O),
.ARDY(ARDY),
.EA_SRAM(EA_SRAM),
.ED_SRAM(ED_SRAM),
.CE_SRAM(CE_SRAM),
.WE_SRAM(WE_SRAM),
.OE_SRAM(OE_SRAM),
.dsprst(dsprst),
.xreset(xreset),
.saareset(saareset)
);
LWBBUSCHANGE L_BUSCHANGE (
.EA_SRAM(EA_SRAM),
.ED_SRAM(ED_SRAM),
.CE_SRAM(CE_SRAM),
.WE_SRAM(WE_SRAM),
.OE_SRAM(OE_SRAM),
.la(la),
.ld(ld),
.SRAM_CE_(SRAM_CE_),
.SRAM_WE_(SRAM_WE_),
.SRAM_OE_(SRAM_OE_),
.SRAM_1_IN_ED(SRAM_1_IN_ED),
.SRAM_2_IN_ED(SRAM_2_IN_ED),
.toggle(toggle),
.SRAM_1_EA(SRAM_1_EA),
.SRAM_1_O_ED(SRAM_1_O_ED),
.SRAM_2_EA(SRAM_2_EA),
.SRAM_2_O_ED(SRAM_2_O_ED)
);
//產(chǎn)生時(shí)鐘信號(hào)
always #10 clk=~clk;
always #20 llck = ~llck;
initial
begin
$display("n status : %t TestBench of saa7113 started! nn",$time);
//initial value
clk = 0;
#7;
llck =0;
//reset
reset = 1;
//dsp 初始化
ARE_ = 1;
AWE_ = 1;
CE3_ = 1;
//初始化
capture = 0;
toggle = 1;
#2;
reset = 0;
repeat(20) @(posedge clk);
reset = 1'b1; // negate reset
//dsp 讀取數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容
SRAM_1_IN_ED = 8'h1d;
SRAM_2_IN_ED = 8'h2d;
//dsp 地址總線
EA[21:16] = 6'b000000;
EA[15:7] = 9'b000000000;
EA[6:2]= 5'b00001;
#5;
CE3_ = 0;
ARE_ = 0;
//saa7113 輸出內(nèi)容
capture = 1;
#5;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'haa;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hbb;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hcc;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hdd;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hee;
//場(chǎng)同步信號(hào)
//1
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00100000;//sav
//2
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00100000;
//數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)始
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00000000;
//data
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h01;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h02;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h03;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h04;//Yr--1
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h05;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h06;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h07;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h08;//Yr--2
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h09;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0a;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0b;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0c;//Yr--3
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0d;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0e;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0f;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h10;//Yr--4
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h11;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h12;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h13;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h14;//Yr--5
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h15;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h16;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h17;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h18;//Yr--6
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h19;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1a;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1b;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1c;//Yr--7
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1d;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1e;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1f;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h20;//Yr--8
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h21;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h22;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h23;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h24;//Yr--9
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h25;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h26;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h27;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h28;//Yr--10
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h29;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3a;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3b;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3c;//Yr--11
//數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)束
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//ff
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;//00
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;//00
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b01110000;//end of field 1
#20;
ARE_ = 1;
capture = 0;
#200;
//開(kāi)始切換
toggle = 0;
#100;
ARE_ = 0;
//開(kāi)始采集數(shù)據(jù)
capture = 1;
//vertical blanking stage
//1
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00100000;//sav
//2
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00100000;
//data start
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00000000;
//data
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h01;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h02;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h03;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h04;//Yr--1
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h05;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h06;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h07;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h08;//Yr--2
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h09;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0a;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0b;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0c;//Yr--3
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0d;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0e;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0f;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h10;//Yr--4
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h11;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h12;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h13;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h14;//Yr--5
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h15;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h16;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h17;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h18;//Yr--6
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h19;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1a;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1b;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1c;//Yr--7
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1d;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1e;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1f;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h20;//Yr--8
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h21;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h22;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h23;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h24;//Yr--9
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h25;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h26;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h27;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h28;//Yr--10
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h29;//Cb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3a;//Yb
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3b;//Cr
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3c;//Yr--11
//數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)束
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//ff
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;//00
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;//00
@(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b01110000;//end of field 1
#20;
//結(jié)束數(shù)據(jù)采集
capture = 0;
#200;
//測(cè)試程序結(jié)束
$finish;
end
endmodule
5.2 測(cè)試結(jié)果
仿真程序產(chǎn)生的視頻圖像數(shù)據(jù)如圖 18 所示。開(kāi)始的“aa bb cc dd ee ff”是無(wú)效數(shù)據(jù),“ff 00 20”表示場(chǎng)同步信號(hào)。
圖 18 仿真產(chǎn)生的視頻圖像數(shù)據(jù)
經(jīng)過(guò) FPGA 處理后獲得有效圖像數(shù)據(jù)并產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的地址信號(hào),如圖 19 所示。由于只進(jìn)行灰度運(yùn)算,只取亮度信息,因此獲得數(shù)據(jù)為“04 08 0c”,同時(shí)產(chǎn)生地址信號(hào)“00 01 02”。
圖 19 FPGA 采集得到的有效圖像數(shù)據(jù)并產(chǎn)生的地址信號(hào)
對(duì) SRAM 的讀寫控制,如圖 20 所示。
圖 20 產(chǎn)生的對(duì) SRAM 的讀寫控制
兩塊 SRAM 之間的切換,如圖 21 所示。
圖 21 兩塊 SRAM 之間的切換
仿真結(jié)果表明整個(gè)視頻信號(hào)處理程序完成了預(yù)先設(shè)定的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。
七、總結(jié)
本篇首先介紹了視頻信號(hào)的基本原理、組成等,然后講解了進(jìn)行視頻信號(hào)處理的基本過(guò)程和框架。接下來(lái)結(jié)合實(shí)例講解用 FPGA 及其他芯片組成視頻處理的電路設(shè)計(jì)和 FPGA 的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)。最后用 Modelsim 仿真和測(cè)試了程序。本篇為各位大俠提供了一種視頻信號(hào)處理的設(shè)計(jì)方案,僅供參考。
本篇到此結(jié)束,各位大俠,有緣再見(jiàn)!